P2499

Protein in Beef Cattle Diets

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Protein is a vital nutrient in beef cattle diets, and while protein supplementation can be costly, it is sometimes essential to meet the nutrient needs of cattle. Protein in cattle diets is typically expressed as crude protein, which includes both true protein and nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) sources like urea. True protein can be degradable or undegradable in the rumen, with each type playing a role in supporting microbial growth and the animal’s nutrient absorption. Adequate protein is critical for health, growth, milk production, and reproductive performance, especially in young, growing calves and lactating cows. Forage quality, maturity, and nitrogen fertilization influence protein content in feeds, and protein supplements are recommended when forage protein is insufficient. Various protein supplements exist, with cost-effectiveness based on protein content rather than product price. Caution is advised when feeding NPN supplements such as urea due to toxicity risks if incorrectly used, particularly in low-quality forage diets or young calves.

This publication provides detailed insights into protein types, supplementation strategies, risks of nonprotein nitrogen sources, and management practices to optimize beef cattle nutrition and productivity. It emphasizes that protein supplementation decisions should consider the animals’ stage of production, dietary needs, and forage quality, with a strong recommendation to purchase supplements based on cost per unit of protein. You can also contact state Extension specialists or your local Extension office for answers to specific questions.

You can also contact state Extension specialists or your local Extension office for answers to specific questions.

The information given here is for educational purposes only. References to commercial products, trade names, or suppliers are made with the understanding that no endorsement is implied and that no discrimination against other products or suppliers is intended.

Publication 2499 (POD-09-25)

Reviewed by Brandi Karisch, PhD, Associate Extension/Research Professor, Animal and Dairy Sciences. Written by Jane A. Parish, PhD, Professor and Head, North Mississippi Research and Extension Center, and Justin D. Rhinehart, PhD, former Assistant Extension Professor, Animal and Dairy Sciences.